MDM setup

Overview

MDM features require Apple's Push Notification service (APNs) to control and secure Apple devices. This guide will walk you through how to generate and upload a valid APNs certificate to Fleet in order to use Fleet's MDM features.

Automated Device Enrollment allows Macs to automatically enroll to Fleet when they are first set up. This guide will also walk you through how to connect Apple Business Manager (ABM) to Fleet.

Note you are only required to connect Apple Business Manager (ABM) to Fleet if you are using Automated Device Enrollment AKA Device Enrollment Program (DEP) AKA "Zero-touch."

Requirements

To use Fleet's MDM features you need to have:

• A deployed Fleet instance.
• A Fleet user with the admin role.

Apple Push Notification service (APNs)

Apple uses APNs to authenticate and manage interactions between Fleet and the host.

This section will show you how to:

1. Generate the files to connect Fleet to APNs.
2. Generate an APNs certificate from Apple Push Certificates Portal.
3. Configure Fleet with the required files.

Step 1: generate the required files

For the MDM protocol to function, we need to generate the four following files:

• APNs certificate
• APNs private key
• Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol (SCEP) certificate
• SCEP private key

The APNs certificates serve as authentication between Fleet and Apple, while the SCEP certificates serve as authentication between Fleet and hosts.

Use either of the following methods to generate the necessary files:

Fleet UI

1. Navigate to the Settings > Integrations > Mobile device management (MDM) page.
2. Under Apple Push Certificates Portal, select Request, then fill out the form. This should generate three files and send an email to you with an attached CSR file.

Fleetctl CLI

Run the following command to download three files and send an email to you with an attached CSR file.

fleetctl generate mdm-apple --email <email> --org <org> 

Step 2: generate an APNs certificate

1. Log in to or enroll in Apple Push Certificates Portal.
2. Select Create a Certificate.
3. Upload your CSR and input a friendly name, such as "Fleet."
4. Download the APNs certificate.

Important Take note of the Apple ID you use to sign into Apple Push Certificates Portal. You'll need to use the same Apple ID when renewing your APNs certificate.

Step 3: configure Fleet with the generated files

Restart the Fleet server with the contents of the APNs certificate, APNs private key, SCEP certificate, and SCEP private key in the following environment variables:

Note: Any environment variable that ends in _BYTES expects the file's actual content to be passed in, not a path to the file. If you want to pass in a file path, remove the _BYTES suffix from the environment variable.

• FLEET_MDM_APPLE_APNS_CERT_BYTES
• FLEET_MDM_APPLE_APNS_KEY_BYTES
• FLEET_MDM_APPLE_SCEP_CERT_BYTES
• FLEET_MDM_APPLE_SCEP_KEY_BYTES
• FLEET_MDM_APPLE_SCEP_CHALLENGE

You do not need to provide the APNs CSR which was emailed to you.

Step 4: confirm that Fleet is set up correctly

Use either of the following methods to confirm that Fleet is set up. You should see information about the APNs certificate such as serial number and renewal date.

Fleet UI

Navigate to the Settings > Integrations > Mobile device management (MDM) page.

Fleetctl CLI

fleetctl get mdm-apple

Renewing APNs

Important Apple requires that APNs certificates are renewed anually.

• If your certificate expires, you will have to turn MDM off and back on for all macOS hosts.
• Be sure to use the same Apple ID from year-to-year. If you don't, you will have to turn MDM off and back on for all macOS hosts.

This section will guide you through how to:

1. Generate the files required to renew your APNs certificate.
2. Renew your APNs certificate in Apple Push Certificates Portal.
3. Configure Fleet with the required files.
4. Confirm that Fleet is set up correctly.

Use either of the following methods to see your APNs certificate's renewal date and other important information:

Fleet UI

Navigate to the Settings > Integrations > Mobile device management (MDM) page.

Fleetctl CLI

fleetctl get mdm-apple

Step 1: generate the required files

• A new APNs certificate.
• A new APNs private key.

Run the following command in fleetctl. This will download three files and send an email to you with an attached CSR file. You may ignore the SCEP certificate and SCEP key as you do not need these to renew APNs.

fleetctl generate mdm-apple --email <email> --org <org>

Step 2: renew APNs certificate

1. Log in to or enroll in Apple Push Certificates Portal using the same Apple ID you used to get your original APNs certificate.
2. Click Renew next to the expired certificate.
3. Upload your CSR.
4. Download the new APNs certificate.

Step 3: configure Fleet with the generated files

Restart the Fleet server with the contents of the APNs certificate and APNs private key in following environment variables:

• FLEET_MDM_APPLE_APNS_CERT_BYTES
• FLEET_MDM_APPLE_APNS_KEY_BYTES

You do not need to provide the APNs CSR which was emailed to you.

Step 4: confirm that Fleet is set up correctly

Use either of the following methods to confirm that Fleet is set up:

Fleet UI:

1. Navigate to the Settings > Integrations > Mobile device management (MDM) page.

2. Follow the on-screen instructions in the Apple Push Certificates Portal section.

Fleetctl CLI:

Run the following command. You should see information about the new APNs certificate such as serial number and renewal date.

fleetctl get mdm-apple

Renewing SCEP

The SCEP certificates generated by Fleet and uploaded to the environment variables expire every 10 years. To renew them, regenerate the keys and update the relevant environment variables.

Apple Business Manager (ABM)

Available in Fleet Premium

By connecting Fleet to ABM, Macs purchased through Apple or an authorized reseller can automatically enroll to Fleet when they’re first unboxed and set up by your end user.

This section will guide you through how to:

1. Generate certificate and private key for ABM
2. Create a new MDM server record for Fleet in ABM
3. Download the MDM server token from ABM
4. Upload the server token, certificate, and private key to the Fleet server
5. Set the new MDM server as the auto-enrollment server for Macs in ABM

Step 1: generate the required certificate and private key

User either of the following methods to generate a certificate and private key pair. This pair is how Fleet authenticates itself to ABM:

Fleet UI:

1. Navigate to the Settings > Integrations > Mobile device management (MDM) page.
2. Under Apple Business Manager, click the "Download" button

Fleetctl CLI:

fleetctl generate mdm-apple-bm

Step 2: create a new MDM server in ABM

Create an MDM server record in ABM which represents Fleet:

1. Log in to or enroll in ABM
2. Click your name at the bottom left of the screen
3. Click Preferences
4. Click MDM Server Assignment
5. Click the Add button at the top
6. Enter a name for the server such as "Fleet"
7. Upload the certificate generated in Step 1

Step 3: download the server token

In the details page of the newly created server, click Download Token at the top. You should receive a .p7m file.

Step 4: upload server token, certificate, and private key to Fleet

With the three generated files, we now give them to the Fleet server so that it can authenticate itself to ABM.

Restart the Fleet server with the contents of the server token, certificate, and private key in following environment variables:

• FLEET_MDM_APPLE_BM_SERVER_TOKEN_BYTES
• FLEET_MDM_APPLE_BM_CERT_BYTES
• FLEET_MDM_APPLE_BM_KEY_BYTES

Step 3: confirm that Fleet is set up correctly

Use either of the following methods to confirm that Fleet is set up correctly. You should see information about the ABM server token such as organization name and renewal date.

Fleet UI:

1. Navigate to the Settings > Integrations > Mobile device management (MDM) page.

2. Navigate to the Apple Business Manager section.

Fleetctl CLI:

fleetctl get mdm-apple

Step 5: set Fleet to be the MDM server for Macs in ABM

Set Fleet to be the MDM for all future Macs purchased via Apple or an authorized reseller:

1. Log in to Apple Business Manager
2. Click your profile icon in the bottom left
3. Click Preferences
4. Click MDM Server Assignment
5. Switch Macs to the new Fleet instance.

Step 6 (optional): set the default team for hosts enrolled via ABM

All automatically-enrolled hosts will be assigned to a default team of your choosing after they are unboxed and set up. The host will receive the configurations and behaviors set for that team. If no default team is set, then the host will be placed in "No Teams".

A host can be transferred to a new (not default) team before it enrolls. Learn how here. Transferring a host will automatically enforce the new team's settings when it enrolls.

Use either of the following methods to change the default team:

Fleet UI

1. Navigate to the Settings > Integrations > Mobile device management (MDM) page.

2. In the Apple Business Manager section, select the Edit team button next to Default team.

3. Choose a team and select Save.

Fleetctl CLI

1. Create a config YAML document if you don't have one already. Learn how here. This document is used to change settings in Fleet.

2. Set the mdm.apple_bm_default_team configuration option to the desired team's name.

3. Run the fleetctl apply -f <your-YAML-file-here> command.

Pending hosts

Some time after you purchase a Mac through Apple or an authorized reseller, but before it has been set up, the Mac will appear in ABM as in transit. When the Mac appears in ABM, it will also appear in Fleet with MDM status set to "Pending." After the new host is set up, the MDM Status will change to "On" and the host will be assigned to the default team.

Renewing ABM

Apple expires ABM server tokens certificates once every year or whenever the account that downloaded the token has their password changed.

Use either of the following methods to see your ABM renewal date and other important information:

Fleet UI

1. Navigate to the Settings > Integrations > Mobile device management (MDM) page.

2. Look at the Apple Business Manager section.

Fleetctl CLI

fleetctl get mdm-apple

If you have configured Fleet with an Apple Business Manager server token for mobile device management (a Fleet Premium feature), you will eventually need to renew that token. As documented in the Apple Business Manager User Guide, the token expires after a year or whenever the account that downloaded the token has their password changed.

To renew the token:

1. Log in to business.apple.com
2. Select Fleet's MDM server record
3. Download a new token for that server record
4. In your Fleet server, update the environment variable FLEET_MDM_APPLE_BM_SERVER_TOKEN_BYTES
5. Restart the Fleet server

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